How greek alphabet table works
The Greek alphabet has exactly 24 letters, running Alpha to Omega — the order our own alphabet inherited through Latin via Etruscan. Every letter has an uppercase and a lowercase form (Α and α, Ω and ω), and both live in the Unicode "Greek and Coptic" block from U+0370 to U+03FF, one code point apart in most cases: capital Alpha is U+0391 and lowercase α is U+03B1. This table lists all 24 with both forms, their code points, an English pronunciation guide and the quantities each letter conventionally marks.
Case matters in notation, not just typography. Uppercase Greek letters usually denote fixed or structural objects: Δ for a change or difference, Σ for a sum, Ω for ohms, Φ for magnetic flux. Lowercase letters denote variables and quantities: π for the circle constant, λ for wavelength, μ for friction or the micro- prefix, ω for angular velocity. Sigma is the one letter with two lowercase forms — σ in the middle of a word, ς at the end — which the table shows, since both appear in typeset math and Greek text.
Search the table by name (sigma), by symbol (σ, case-sensitively), or by position (17 for Rho) to find a letter fast. Each row’s code point is ready to paste into HTML entities, escapes or documents, and the "uses" column explains why the letter keeps showing up in your physics, statistics or finance material — from beta versions and gamma rays to the chi-squared test and omega’s resistance. For a deeper dive into any symbol’s encodings, the Unicode lookup tool spells out every byte.