How test grade calculator works
A test grade starts as a fraction: points earned over points possible. Multiply by 100 and you get the percentage — 45 out of 50 is 90%. That fraction is the whole story; every grading system is just a set of agreed cut points laid on top of it.
This calculator then maps the percentage onto a letter scale. The plus/minus scale is the 13-step standard most colleges use: A+ starts at 97, A at 93, A− at 90, B+ at 87, and so on down to D− at 60. The plain scale is the 5-letter version (A 90, B 80, C 70, D 60). You can also paste a custom scale like “A:92, B:84, C:70” to match a specific teacher or school.
Beyond the letter, the calculator shows the next letter up and exactly how many points it would have taken: 45/50 lands on A− (90%), and A starts at 93% — that is 46.5 points, so 47/50. Seeing “2 points away” turns a finished test into useful information for the next one.