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Reference

Keyboard Shortcut Reference

Free keyboard shortcut cheat sheet for Windows and macOS: clipboard, text editing, browser tabs and window management, shown in platform-correct notation with instant search. Runs in your browser.

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Pick a platform, then press Show shortcuts.

Deep dive guides

A LITTLE CONTEXT · 4 MIN READModifier Keys Explained: Ctrl, Alt, Shift and the Mac Symbols

How keyboard shortcut reference works

Every row in this reference pairs an action with the key combination that performs it on each platform. Windows notation uses the key names printed on the keyboard — Ctrl+Shift+T — while macOS notation uses the standard modifier symbols: ⌘ Command, ⌥ Option, ⇧ Shift and ⌃ Control. Switching platform re-renders the same table in native notation, so a Mac user never has to mentally translate "Win+L" into "⌃⌘Q" and vice versa.

The shortcuts cover four categories. General holds the clipboard and document staples (copy, paste, undo, save, screenshots). Text editing covers word-at-a-time cursor movement, line and document navigation, and formatting like bold and italic. Browser covers tabs, zoom, reloading, history and developer tools. Window management covers minimizing, virtual desktops, task view and the task manager or force-quit dialog. The search box matches both the action text and the key strings — type "tab" to see every tab-related shortcut, or a symbol like "⌥" to find all Option-key combinations.

The list favors defaults: Windows rows follow Windows 10/11 conventions, and Mac rows follow Apple defaults, with the browser category following the Chrome/Edge keymap, which Firefox and Safari share almost everywhere. Only shortcuts that exist on both platforms are listed with two keys; a dash means the platform has no universal built-in equivalent, such as window snapping on macOS. App-specific chords (VS Code, Photoshop, media keys) are out of scope — this is the daily-driving core, not an exhaustive encyclopedia.

Frequently asked questions

What do the Mac symbols mean?
⌘ is Command (the action key, roughly Windows' Ctrl), ⌥ is Option (roughly Alt), ⇧ is Shift, ⌃ is Control, ⌫ is Delete/Backspace, ⌦ is Forward Delete, and ⏎ or Return is Enter. A sequence like ⇧⌘4 means hold Shift and Command, then press 4 — the macOS screenshot-selection shortcut.
Why is redo Ctrl+Y on Windows but ⇧⌘Z on Mac?
They grew from different keyboard layouts and conventions. Windows put redo next to undo (Ctrl+Z vs Ctrl+Y) on the same row; macOS adopted Shift+Command as the standard "reverse of the last command" pattern, so redo is ⇧⌘Z everywhere — consistent with ⇧⌘T reopening tabs and ⇧⌘R hard-reloading.
Why are some Mac cells a dash?
A dash means macOS has no universal built-in shortcut for that action. Window snapping is the main example: Windows snaps with Win+arrow keys, while macOS historically needs drag-to-edge or third-party tools (recent macOS versions add tile options behind menu commands rather than simple key chords).
Are these shortcuts the same in every app?
OS-level and browser shortcuts are highly consistent, but apps customize freely. In browsers, Ctrl+U/⌘U is "view page source" in the browser category yet "underline" in a text editor — context decides. Code editors and design tools in particular define their own schemes, so treat this table as the cross-app foundation, not an app manual.
Can I search by key combination instead of action name?
Yes — the search matches action text and both platforms' key strings. Typing "shift" surfaces every Shift-based shortcut on Windows, and typing "⌥" lists every Option-key combination on Mac. Filtering by category first narrows the result set further.