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Byte Frequency Analyzer

Free byte frequency analyzer: count the UTF-8 byte distribution of any text, split printable, control and high bytes, and measure Shannon entropy per byte. Runs in your browser.

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Deep dive guides

A LITTLE CONTEXT · 3 MIN READReading Data Through Its Bytes

How byte frequency analyzer works

Every string is a sequence of bytes once it leaves your editor: this tool encodes your input as UTF-8 and counts how often each of the 256 possible byte values (0x00–0xFF) appears. The result is a ranked distribution table — byte value in decimal and hex, a printable preview character where one exists, the count and the percentage — plus totals for how many bytes the input uses overall.

The headline number is Shannon entropy, measured in bits per byte: H = −Σ p·log₂(p) over the byte counts. A single repeated byte scores 0; text full of common letters and spaces scores around 4–5; compressed, encrypted or hashed data approaches the maximum of 8. That makes entropy a fast, honest first test when you are staring at a blob and asking what it is — base64 or random bytes, plaintext or ciphertext — before reaching for heavier tools.

Alongside entropy, the tool splits the bytes into three classes that instantly characterize data: printable ASCII (0x20–0x7E), control bytes (below 0x20 plus 0x7F) and high bytes (0x80–0xFF). Plain English is almost all printable; UTF-8 accents and emoji push bytes above 0x7F; binary formats and cryptographic output mix everything. Everything runs locally in your browser, so inspecting sensitive strings leaks nothing.

Frequently asked questions

What does the entropy value mean?
It is the Shannon entropy of the byte distribution, in bits per byte — the average number of bits of surprise per byte. 0 means every byte is identical, around 4–5 is typical English text, and values near 8 suggest random-looking data such as encryption output, compression or a hash. It is computed as H = −Σ p·log₂(p) over the observed byte frequencies.
Why does one character sometimes count as two bytes?
The tool counts UTF-8 bytes, not characters. ASCII letters and digits are one byte each, but characters above U+007F — accented letters, emoji, non-Latin scripts — take two to four bytes. Paste 'café' and you get 5 bytes, not 4: the é contributes two bytes (0xC3 0xA9). This is exactly what any file on disk contains.
What are printable, control and high bytes?
Printable bytes are the visible ASCII range 0x20–0x7E — letters, digits, punctuation, space. Control bytes are 0x00–0x1F and 0x7F, the invisible characters like tab, newline and NUL. High bytes are 0x80–0xFF, which in UTF-8 are always continuation or lead bytes of multi-byte characters, and in other encodings or binary data are arbitrary.
How random is 'random enough' for a token?
A uniformly random n-byte token has entropy very close to 8 bits per byte, and its 256 byte values should appear roughly equally in a large sample. Short tokens cannot fill the whole table, so judge entropy plus the shape of the distribution: a hex-encoded or base64 token shows a narrow alphabet with entropy well below 8 — expected for its encoding, not a flaw.
Is my text sent anywhere?
No. The analysis runs entirely in your browser using standard JavaScript — the same TextEncoder your browser uses everywhere. Nothing is uploaded, logged or stored, so it is safe to inspect strings you would rather not paste into an online service.